Retinoic Acid Receptor-Nuclear Factor-Interleukin 6 Antagonism

Transcriptional control of epidermal growth factor receptor by retinoic acid.

Retinoic acid (RA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulate growth and differentiation of epithelial cells. RA has both direct and indirect effects on gene expression. Direct effects result from modulation of the transcriptional activity of genes, which contain RA response elements (RARE) recognized by trans-acting nuclear RA receptors (RARs). A second indirect mechanism for the modulatory ef...

A glucocorticoid/retinoic acid receptor chimera that displays cytoplasmic/nuclear translocation in response to retinoic acid. A real time sensing assay for nuclear receptor ligands.

Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily play key roles in a host of physiologic and pathologic processes from embryogenesis to cancer. Some members, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), are activated by ligand binding but are unaffected in their subcellular distribution, which is predominantly nuclear. In contrast, several members of the steroid receptor family, including the glucoco...

Retinoic Acid Receptor-Mediated Induction

Regulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ) is a nuclear receptor family member that can form a heterodimeric complex with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and initiate transcription of target genes. In this study, we have examined the effects of the PPAR ligand ciglitazone and the RXR ligand SR11237 on growth and induction of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) expression in breast and lung cance...

Receptor-selective Retinoids Implicate Retinoic Acid Receptor

The effect of retinoids on malignant cells and embryos indicates that retinoids influence the expression of growth factors or alter the response of cells to growth factors. The bone morphogenetic proteins, Bmp-2 and Bmp-4, are candidates for such growth factors because retinoic acid (RA) treatment of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells induced Bmp-2 mRNA, while simultaneously repressing Bmp-4 levels. ...